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- 10th September 1992
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- Support Group Application Note
- Number: 008
- Issue: 1
- Author: PD
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-
- View Hints and Tips
-
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- Applicable Hardware: BBC B
- BBC B+
- Master Series
-
- Related Application Notes:
- Label printing within a View macro
-
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- Copyright (C) Acorn Computers Limited 1992
-
- Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this leaflet is
- true and correct at the time of printing. However, the products described in
- this leaflet are subject to continuous development and improvements and
- Acorn Computers Limited reserves the right to change its specifications at
- any time. Acorn Computers Limited cannot accept liability for any loss or
- damage arising from the use of any information or particulars in this
- leaflet. ACORN, ECONET and ARCHIMEDES are trademarks of Acorn Computers
- Limited.
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- Support Group
- Acorn Computers Limited
- Acorn House
- Vision Park
- Histon
- Cambridge
- CB4 4AE
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-
-
-
- This document attempts to help with commonly experienced View problems.
- Additional information on the features mentioned can be found in View
- books supplied with the program.
-
- PRINTERS AND VIEW
-
- View can use virtually any printer that is compatible with the computer.
- To use any special features the printer may have you will need a printer
- driver, and this is best obtained using the Acornsoft Printer Driver
- Generator.
-
- This program is a series of questions on your printer, which should be
- answered using the manual for your printer. Understanding the printer
- manual is probably the most difficult part. The program then creates a
- printer driver for subsequent use by the View family.
-
- Some hints on the use of the Printer Driver Generator.
-
- Don't forget the HT 2 130 command if you want to access the extended
- highlight codes.
-
- The questions in the Printer Driver Generator are only suggested uses of
- that particular highlight code - it is up to you what function you choose
- for that code.
-
- Effects that are required for the whole document, perhaps for example
- condensed mode, can be entered in response to the printer initialisation
- question, and then will take effect immediately printing starts. This
- question also allows a large number of codes.
-
- Characters #`_'$
-
- Dollar Sign and Hash sign - You have to enter the codes the PRINTER uses
- for these characters. For ` you enter "#". If your printer prints # and $
- characters; then you have to enter the codes from the printer manual into
- the PDG.
-
- Different printers use different codes to represent the above characters.
- Some printers do not have some of the characters, others use long escape
- sequences to reach them.
-
- Sometimes you will find that the character(s) you want can be printed by
- sending other characters from the BBC. For example you may find that
- sending # prints ` or sending ` prints $. This may be the easiest or only
- way of printing the character you want.
-
- The Printer Driver generator recognizes this problem and gives an
- alternative way of printing #/` and $. You can enter a code or codes which
- the printer uses to print the characters. So for example if you reply to
- PDG response: ESC 17 to the code for ` question then the printer driver
- will send ESC 17 to the printer when it receives the pound sign from VIEW.
-
-
- MICROSPACING AND CHARACTER PITCH
-
- View can adjust the spacing between words to 'justify' the text. If your
- printer is capable of it, this adjustment can be in fractions of a
- character width. To use this feature, type MICROSPACE after loading a
- suitable printer driver.
-
- Note that this is not the same as proportional spacing, where the spacing
- of idividual characters is adjusted. View cannot proportionally space
- text, but your printer may be capable of doing this independently.
-
-
- View, by default, assumes 12 pitch text when calculating this spacing. To
- change this, there is optional parameter to the MICROSPACE command. This
- takes the form of a number indicating the character width in 1/120ths of
- an inch. This means that the pitch, which is characters to the inch, is
- 120 divided by this number. So....
-
- 10 pitch is MICROSPACE 12
- 12 pitch is MICROSPACE 10
- 15 pitch is MICROSPACE 8
-
- and so on.
-
- MICROSPACING - When typing text in VIEW with "Justification" on VIEW
- inserts spaces into the line between words to align the text at the right
- margin. This can give an uneven number of spaces between words.
-
- MICROSPACING on the printer is changing the gaps between words so that all
- of the gaps are the same length and the text is still right-aligned.
- Clever printer drivers can do this in conjunction with the printer - IF
- the printer supports microspacing.
-
- PROPORTIONAL SPACING - Normally when typing text on the screen and
- printing, each character is displayed having the same width, therefore, in
- VIEW, 74 characters fit under the standard ruler.
-
- Proportional spacing is printing each character in its own width.
- Therefore, more 'i's and 'j's will fit on a line than 'm's and 'w's. Many
- printers can do this and VIEW printer drivers can switch on and off
- proportional spacing. BUT if you change the length of characters the
- alignment at the right margin will be lost. This is because the
- proportional spacing is done AFTER the alignment.
-
- To USE microspacing:
-
- 1) In PDG (see pages 10 and 17 of manual) specify microspacing. You need
- to refer to your printer manual for whether HMI code adjustment is
- required. If in doubt type NO. You need to get HMI setting code from the
- printer manual.
-
- 2) Before printing load printer driver with: PRINTER epson (for example)
- then set microspacing with MICROSPACE. You may be able to pur numbers
- after the MICROSPACE command to achieve different "pitches" (lengths of
- character) on the printer. Try MICROSPACE 12 (or 10, or 15).
-
-
- PAGE LAYOUT
-
- View has a very flexible way of controlling the layout of the text on the
- page, but this can be confusing at first. Unexpected blank areas in the
- text are usually an indication that you haven't taken advantage of this
- flexibility.
-
- A View page is divided into 6 parts, listed here in the order they occur
- on the page.
-
-
- THE TOP MARGIN A number of blank lines printed at the top of the page,
- before the header. View defaults to 4 lines, but this can be changed by the
- stored command TM n, where n is the number of lines you would like. n
- can be 0, when no lines will be printed.
-
- THE HEADER A single line which is printed on each page. It is defined with
- the DH command and can be temporarily changed back to a blank line with
- the HE command. (Note that a line is always printed, although it may
- be blank.)
-
- THE HEADER MARGIN A number of blank lines printed after the header and
- before the main text. View defaults to 4 lines, but this can be changed by
- the stored command HM n, where n is the number of lines you would like.
- n can be 0, when no lines will be printed.
-
- THE MAIN TEXT The main text will be printed here. The number of lines
- depends on the margins and page length - the explanation of page length
- below.
-
- THE FOOTER MARGIN A number of blank lines printed after the main text and
- before the footer. View defaults to 4 lines, but this can be changed by
- the stored command FM n, where n is the number of lines you would like.
- n can be 0, when no lines be printed.
-
- THE FOOTER A single line which is printed on each page. It is defined with
- the DF command, and can be temporarily changed back to a blank line with
- the FO command. (Note that a line is always printed, although it may
- be blank.)
-
- THE BOTTOM MARGIN A number of blank lines printed at the bottom of the
- page after the footer. View defaults to 4 lines, but this can be
- changed by the stored command FM n, where n is the number of lines you
- would like. n can be 0, when no lines will be printed.
-
- The commands that affect the page layout take effect on the next page to
- be printed. A common mistake is to leave a blank line before these
- commands, which is printed as part of the text area, so the header, and
- header and footer margins have been printed before the commands affecting
- them have been encountered. This results in the first page not having the
- desired layout, but second and subsequent pages being correct.
-
- If you have View 3, and want just continuous text, the PB stored command
- can be used to turn off all the margins, and headers and footers.
-
-
- PAGE LENGTH
-
- The page length in View means the total of the margins, header lines, and
- text area. This means that the number of lines of main text is
-
- page length - margins - header line - footer line
-
- For the default length of 66 lines, and with the default margins this is
-
- 66 - 4*4 - 2 = 48 lines of text.
-
- Standard paper is 66 lines long, but you can alter the View page length
- with the PL stored command. If your printer skips the perforation
- automatically, you will need to account for this.
-
- A simple way to calculate the length required is to run the following
- BASIC program (hit ESCAPE when more than a page has been printed) and
- count the number of lines appearing on a page. This is the value for
- view's page length.
-
- 10 VDU 2
- 20 REPEAT
- 30 PRINT "A printing line"
- 40 UNTIL FALSE
-